Hummingbird Migration Through Arkansas
Each year, the skies of Arkansas become a fluttering spectacle as hummingbirds migrate through the state. These tiny yet resilient birds embark on an incredible journey, covering thousands of miles between their breeding grounds in North America and their wintering homes in Central America. Arkansas serves as both a resting and refueling station for these energetic travelers, making it a prime location for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts to observe them in action.
Migration Patterns and Timing
Hummingbird migration follows a predictable pattern, dictated by seasonal changes and food availability. The most commonly seen species in Arkansas is the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris). These birds begin their northward journey in early spring, typically arriving in Arkansas between mid-March and late April as they make their way toward breeding territories in the U.S. and Canada.
By late summer and early fall, the migration reverses. Hummingbirds start their southbound journey as early as late July, with peak migration occurring in September. By mid-October, most hummingbirds have left Arkansas, continuing their journey to Mexico and Central America. Some stragglers may linger into November, depending on weather conditions and food availability.
Rest Stops and Feeding Habits
During migration, hummingbirds rely heavily on nectar-rich flowers, feeders, and small insects to fuel their high-energy needs. Arkansas provides an abundance of natural food sources, including native plants like trumpet vine, bee balm, and cardinal flower, which attract these tiny visitors.
Many residents set up hummingbird feeders filled with a simple sugar-water solution (four parts water to one part sugar, with no red dye needed) to help support these birds during their travels. Keeping feeders clean and filled during migration seasons ensures that hummingbirds have the energy needed for their long flight.
Hummingbirds also require protein in their diet, which they obtain by catching small insects like gnats, mosquitoes, and fruit flies. This makes maintaining a balanced ecosystem in your garden crucial for their survival.
Best Places to See Migrating Hummingbirds in Arkansas
For those hoping to catch a glimpse of these remarkable birds, several locations in Arkansas offer excellent viewing opportunities:
- Mount Magazine State Park – As the highest point in Arkansas, this park attracts many hummingbirds during migration.
- Petit Jean State Park – With its rich plant life and natural beauty, this park provides an excellent stopover for hummingbirds.
- Hot Springs National Park – The gardens and wooded areas in this park offer prime hummingbird-watching spots.
- Buffalo National River – The diverse flora and quiet environment make this area a great refuge for migrating hummingbirds.
- Backyard Gardens – Simply planting native flowers or putting up feeders can bring these visitors to your backyard.
How to Support Hummingbird Migration
If you want to aid migrating hummingbirds, consider these steps:
- Plant native flowers to provide a natural food source.
- Set up and maintain feeders to supplement their diet.
- Avoid pesticides that can harm hummingbirds and their insect prey.
- Provide shelter with trees and shrubs where they can rest.
- Keep feeders up until mid-October to assist late-migrating birds.
- Maintain a water source such as a shallow birdbath or misting fountain for hydration and bathing.
- Reduce artificial light at night, as bright lights can disorient migratory birds and interfere with their navigation.
The annual migration of hummingbirds through Arkansas is a fascinating natural event that showcases the endurance and beauty of these tiny birds. By understanding their migration patterns and providing support through feeders and native plants, Arkansans can play a crucial role in helping hummingbirds on their incredible journey. Whether you're an avid birdwatcher or just enjoy seeing these vibrant creatures in your backyard, witnessing hummingbird migration is an experience that never fails to inspire.
By Sherri Sanders
County Extension Agent - Agriculture
The Cooperative Extension Service
U of A System Division of Agriculture
(501) 268-5394
ssanders@uada.edu